Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Mass and weight are fundamental physical properties of matter. While often used interchangeably in common parlance, they represent distinct scientific concepts regarding the amount of matter and the force of gravity.
Statement 1 is Incorrect. Mass is defined as the amount of matter present in a substance. It is a constant quantity and does not change with the position or location of the object. It remains the same regardless of gravitational variations.
Statement 2 is Correct. Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object. Since the force of gravity varies from one place to another (e.g., it is different on Earth compared to the Moon), the weight of a substance varies with its location.
Statement 3 is Correct. In scientific laboratories, mass is accurately measured using an analytical balance. Unlike a spring balance, which measures weight (force), an analytical balance is designed to determine the mass of a substance with high precision.
Key Takeaway: Mass is the constant amount of matter in a body, whereas weight is the variable gravitational force acting upon it.