The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Maize (corn) is a significant cereal crop used as both food and fodder. While it is adaptable to various climatic conditions, specific environmental factors are critical for its optimal growth.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Maize requires moderate temperature, rainfall, and abundant sunshine. The ideal temperature range for its cultivation is typically between 21°C and 27°C. It does not tolerate frost well.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Maize requires well-drained fertile soils, such as old alluvial soil. It is highly sensitive to water stagnation. Consequently, marshy and water-logged soils are detrimental to the crop, as they impede root aeration and growth.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Maize is a globally distributed crop. North America (specifically the United States) is the world's largest producer. Other major producers include Brazil, China, Russia, Canada, India, and Mexico.
Key Takeaway: Maize cultivation demands moderate temperatures and well-drained soils; it is strictly intolerant of water-logged or marshy conditions.