The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
India has three major cropping seasons: Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid. The Kharif season coincides with the onset of the Southwest Monsoon, characterized by high temperature and humidity.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the Southwest Monsoon (typically June to July) and are harvested at the end of the monsoon season (September to October). Examples include rice, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, and soybean.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Wheat is the dominant Rabi crop, which is sown in winter (October to December) and harvested in summer (April to June). The dominant crop of the Kharif season is Rice.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Kharif crops, particularly rice, generally require high rainfall (above 100 cm) and high humidity for optimal growth. In regions with less rainfall, such as Punjab and Haryana, these crops rely heavily on assured irrigation.
Key Takeaway: The Kharif season is the monsoon cropping season (June-October) with Rice as the primary crop, whereas the Rabi season is the winter cropping season (October-April) with Wheat as the primary crop.