The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The earth receives almost all of its energy from the sun. This energy travels through space and reaches the earth's surface. The interaction of this energy with the earth determines global climate patterns.- Statement 1 is Correct: The term "Insolation" is an acronym for Incoming Solar Radiation. It refers specifically to the solar energy that is intercepted by the earth.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The amount of insolation is not uniform across the earth's surface. It varies significantly depending on latitude, the season, and the transparency of the atmosphere. Generally, insolation is highest near the equator and decreases towards the poles due to the curvature of the earth and the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Insolation is the primary source of heat for the earth. Consequently, the spatial distribution of insolation directly determines the distribution of temperature across the globe. Areas receiving higher insolation (tropics) generally experience higher temperatures compared to areas receiving lower insolation (polar regions).
Key Takeaway: Insolation (Incoming Solar Radiation) varies latitudinally and is the fundamental driver of the earth's heat budget and temperature distribution.