The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Coffee is a significant plantation crop in India, primarily cultivated in the ecologically sensitive regions of the Western Ghats. Indian coffee is renowned globally for being grown under shade, rather than direct sunlight.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: India cultivates both major varieties of coffee: Arabica and Robusta. While Robusta accounts for a larger share of production due to its resistance to pests, Arabica (known for its mild and aromatic quality) is also extensively grown and has high market value.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The history of coffee in India dates back to the 17th century. It is widely accepted that coffee cultivation was introduced by a Sufi saint named Baba Budan, who brought seven coffee beans from Yemen and planted them in the Chandragiri hills (now known as Baba Budan Hills) in the Chikmagalur district of Karnataka.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Coffee cultivation in India is heavily concentrated in the southern states. Karnataka is the largest producer, accounting for the majority of the total production, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Small quantities are also grown in non-traditional areas like Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and the North Eastern states.
Key Takeaway:
India produces both Arabica and Robusta varieties of coffee. The cultivation is historically rooted in the Baba Budan Hills of Karnataka and is geographically concentrated in the traditional southern states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.