The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Water supply management is a critical function of local self-government bodies. While urban areas typically rely on centralized municipal networks, rural water supply is often characterized by decentralized sources and a mix of ownership patterns.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Generally, urban areas have a more established and extensive public water supply network (piped water) managed by Municipalities or Municipal Corporations compared to rural areas. Rural areas have historically faced challenges in piped water coverage, often relying on stand-alone sources, although schemes like the Jal Jeevan Mission are working to bridge this gap.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The primary sources of water in rural India are diverse and decentralized. They include traditional and modern sources such as open wells, tube wells, handpumps, ponds, and tanks. These sources are often utilized for both drinking and agricultural purposes.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. Water sources in rural areas are not owned exclusively by the State Government. There is a significant prevalence of private ownership (e.g., private borewells and wells on agricultural land) and community ownership (e.g., village ponds managed by the Gram Panchayat or local community).
Key Takeaway:
Rural water supply systems are characterized by a reliance on diverse, often decentralized sources like wells and handpumps, with ownership distributed among the state, communities, and private individuals, unlike the more centralized networks found in urban areas.