Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a material medium for propagation. The speed of sound is determined by the properties of the medium through which it travels, specifically its elasticity (modulus of elasticity) and inertia (density). The general relationship is given by the formula $v = \sqrt{\frac{E}{\rho}}$, where $E$ is the modulus of elasticity and $\rho$ is the density.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The speed of sound is strictly dependent on the nature of the medium. Factors such as the medium's elasticity, density, temperature, and humidity significantly influence the velocity at which sound waves propagate. For instance, sound travels much faster in steel than in air.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The speed of sound is generally highest in solids. Although solids are denser than liquids (which tends to reduce speed), their elasticity (Young's modulus) is significantly higher. The effect of higher elasticity dominates the effect of higher density, resulting in a greater speed of sound in solids compared to liquids.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The speed of sound is generally higher in liquids than in gases. Liquids possess a higher bulk modulus (elasticity) compared to gases, which facilitates faster wave propagation. Consequently, the order of the speed of sound is typically Solids > Liquids > Gases.
Key Takeaway: The speed of sound depends on the medium's properties and generally follows the order Solids > Liquids > Gases, as the factor of elasticity dominates over density in determining wave velocity.