The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Winds are generally classified into three categories: primary (planetary or permanent), secondary (seasonal or periodic), and tertiary (local). Monsoons fall under the category of secondary or periodic winds, characterized by a large-scale seasonal reversal of wind direction due to differential heating of land and water.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Permanent winds, also known as planetary or prevailing winds (such as Trade Winds, Westerlies, and Polar Easterlies), blow constantly in a specific direction throughout the year. Monsoons are not permanent winds; they are periodic winds that exist only during specific seasons.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The defining characteristic of a monsoon is the seasonal reversal of wind direction. In the Indian context, winds blow from the sea to the land during the summer (South-West Monsoon) bringing rain, and from the land to the sea during the winter (North-East Monsoon), constituting a dry season.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The term 'Monsoon' is etymologically derived from the Arabic word 'Mausim', which translates to 'season'. This term was historically used by Arab navigators to describe the seasonal wind reversal over the Indian Ocean, which facilitated trade and navigation.
Key Takeaway:
The Monsoon is a seasonal (periodic) wind system marked by a complete reversal of direction between summer and winter, distinct from permanent planetary winds.