The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
A Constitution is the supreme law of the land (Lex Loci) that establishes the fundamental principles, structures, and processes of governance. It operates on the principle of the "Rule of Law," ensuring that all authority is derived from and limited by the supreme law.
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Constitution lays down the fundamental rules and norms that constitute the political framework of the society. These rules facilitate coordination and assurance among members of society by specifying how the government will be constituted and who has the power to make decisions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Indian Constitution adheres to the principle of Constitutionalism, which implies a limited government. The laws and provisions of the Constitution are binding on the State (the government) just as they are on the citizens. Under Article 13, any law made by the State that contravenes Fundamental Rights or Constitutional provisions is void. The government is not above the law.
- Statement 3 is Correct: In a diverse society, differences of opinion and conflicts of interest are inevitable. The Constitution serves as the authoritative basis for resolving such conflicts by defining the jurisdiction of various organs of the State (Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary) and providing an independent judiciary to adjudicate disputes.
Key Takeaway:
The Constitution is the supreme legal document that binds both the citizens and the government, ensuring that the State functions within defined limits (Constitutionalism) and providing institutional mechanisms for conflict resolution.