The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Earth is not a perfect geometric sphere. Due to its rotation and physical properties, it possesses a specific shape that deviates from a perfect sphere, primarily defined by its equatorial bulge and polar flattening.Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Earth is not a perfect sphere. The centrifugal force generated by the Earth's rotation causes it to bulge outwards at the equator. As a result, the equatorial diameter is approximately 43 kilometers longer than the polar diameter.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Earth is an oblate spheroid, meaning it is slightly flattened at the North and South Poles and bulges at the center (equator). This deformation is a direct result of the Earth's rotation on its axis.
Statement 3 is Correct: The specific shape of the Earth is described as a Geoid, which literally means "Earth-shaped." This term accounts for the irregular surface and the gravitational equipotential surface corresponding to mean sea level.
Key Takeaway: The Earth is an oblate spheroid (flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator), and its unique shape is technically referred to as a Geoid.