Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Electroplating is the process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity. This process utilizes conducting solutions, known as electrolytes, which typically contain dissolved metal salts, acids, or bases. Due to their chemical composition, these solutions pose significant environmental risks if not managed correctly.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: Incorrect
Conducting solutions used in electroplating often contain heavy metals (such as chromium, nickel, or cadmium) and other toxic chemicals. Releasing these solutions directly into water bodies without treatment causes severe water pollution, harming aquatic life and contaminating water sources. Therefore, they cannot be safely released without treatment. - Statement 2: Correct
The used conducting solutions are classified as polluting waste. They contain residual ions and chemical by-products that are hazardous to the ecosystem. Consequently, they are treated as industrial effluent that requires specific management. - Statement 3: Correct
To mitigate environmental damage, specific disposal guidelines and pollution control norms exist. Industries are mandated to treat this waste in Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) to neutralize toxicity and remove heavy metals before discharge, strictly adhering to environmental protection regulations.
Key Takeaway: The conducting solutions used in electroplating are hazardous industrial wastes containing toxic chemicals and heavy metals; they must undergo specific treatment processes before disposal to prevent environmental pollution.