Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals arise from vegetative parts such as roots, stems, or leaves, rather than from reproductive organs like seeds. This method relies on the regenerative capacity of plant parts.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Plants grown through vegetative propagation bypass the long juvenile phase required for seed germination and growth. Consequently, they reach maturity faster and bear flowers and fruits earlier than plants produced from seeds.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Vegetative propagation is not limited to plants that produce viable seeds. In fact, it is the primary method of reproduction for plants that have lost the capacity to produce viable seeds, such as bananas, oranges, roses, and jasmine.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Since vegetative propagation involves only mitotic division and a single parent, there is no genetic recombination. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant, often referred to as clones.
Key Takeaway: Vegetative propagation allows for the preservation of desirable genetic traits (cloning) and faster crop maturation, and it is essential for the propagation of seedless plant varieties.