The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Tsunamis are large, high-energy ocean waves generated by the displacement of a significant volume of water, usually caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was triggered by a massive undersea earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, causing widespread destruction across the Indian Ocean rim.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The state of Gujarat was not the worst affected region. The tsunami primarily devastated the eastern coast of India bordering the Bay of Bengal. Tamil Nadu was the worst affected state on the mainland, recording the highest number of casualties. Gujarat, located on the northwest coast, was largely unaffected compared to the eastern seaboard.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The tsunami waves impacted the Union Territory of Puducherry on the east coast and the state of Kerala on the west coast. While the east coast faced the direct impact, the waves diffracted (bent) around the southern tip of the Indian peninsula and Sri Lanka, causing significant damage in coastal Kerala.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands were not spared; they were among the most severely affected regions due to their proximity to the earthquake's epicenter near Sumatra. The islands suffered massive devastation, and Indira Point (the southernmost point of India) subsided into the ocean.
Key Takeaway:
The 2004 Tsunami predominantly affected India's East Coast (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, though wave diffraction also caused damage to Kerala on the West Coast.