The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas. Phase transitions occur when matter changes from one state to another due to changes in temperature or pressure. Sublimation and deposition are specific transitions that bypass the liquid phase.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Sublimation is the change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into the liquid state. The change of gaseous state to liquid state is known as condensation.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Certain substances have weak intermolecular forces that allow them to transition directly from solid to gas upon heating. Common examples include camphor, ammonium chloride, naphthalene, and anthracene.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The direct change of gas to solid without changing into liquid is called deposition (also known as desublimation). An example of this is the formation of frost on a cold surface.
Key Takeaway:
Sublimation is the direct transition from Solid → Gas (e.g., Dry Ice, Camphor). Deposition is the direct transition from Gas → Solid (e.g., Frost).