The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The distribution pattern of the railway network in India is largely influenced by physiographic, economic, and administrative factors. Railway density is defined as the length of railway track per unit area (usually per 1,000 sq. km). Regions with level land, high population density, and intense agricultural or industrial activity typically exhibit higher railway density.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Eastern India, particularly the Gangetic plains (Bihar, West Bengal) and the Chota Nagpur Plateau region, has a high railway density. The Gangetic plains offer vast level land which facilitates track construction and supports high population density. Additionally, the Chota Nagpur region is rich in mineral resources, leading to significant industrial development that necessitates a dense railway network for freight transport.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Western Rajasthan is characterized by vast sandy deserts (The Thar Desert). The sandy terrain makes the construction and maintenance of railway lines difficult and expensive. Furthermore, the population density is sparse. Consequently, despite the presence of canal-based agriculture (such as the Indira Gandhi Canal command area), the railway density in this region remains low compared to the national average.
Key Takeaway: Physiography is a dominant factor in railway distribution; flat plains and industrial zones foster high density, whereas deserts, swamps, and rugged mountains result in low railway density.