The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
In India, the cropping seasons are classified into Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid based on the sowing and harvesting periods. Rabi crops are winter crops sown in October to December and harvested in spring or early summer.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Western Disturbances are cyclonic storms originating in the Mediterranean region that bring winter rainfall to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. This winter rainfall is generally considered highly beneficial for Rabi crops, particularly wheat, as it provides crucial moisture during the relatively dry winter season. While isolated hailstorms associated with these disturbances can be damaging, the phenomenon as a whole is vital for the productivity of Rabi crops, not a primary cause of severe damage.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Rabi crops require a cool climate during their vegetative growth phase. Low temperatures are essential for the tillering stage of crops like wheat. They subsequently require a warm climate during the maturation and ripening of seeds.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The harvesting season for Rabi crops typically spans from April to June. Examples of major Rabi crops include wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.
Key Takeaway:
Rabi crops are sown in winter (Oct-Dec) and harvested in summer (April-June). They require cool growing conditions and benefit significantly from the winter precipitation brought by Western Disturbances in North India.