The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Pulses are leguminous crops essential for nutritional security due to their high protein content. They are agriculturally significant for their ability to thrive in dry conditions and improve soil health.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: India is the largest producer (accounting for approximately 25% of global production), the largest consumer (about 27% of global consumption), and the largest importer of pulses in the world.
Statement 2 is Correct: Pulses are typically grown in dry climatic conditions and require less moisture than cereals. They are predominantly rainfed crops and can survive in drought-prone areas. High moisture conditions are generally not required and can be detrimental to certain pulse varieties.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: Most pulses are leguminous crops that possess root nodules containing Rhizobium bacteria. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, thereby restoring fertility. Consequently, pulses are often used in crop rotation and mixed cropping to replenish soil nutrients rather than deplete them.
Key Takeaway: Pulses are dryland crops that enhance soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. India holds the leading global position in both the production and consumption of pulses.