NCERT Class 12 Geography — Chapter 6: International Trade

Correct Option

The correct option is 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Mumbai Port is a major port located on the western coast of India. It is situated in a natural harbor and serves as a critical gateway for India's foreign trade. Statement 1 is Correct: Mumbai Port is a natural harbor and is traditionally described as the biggest port of India in terms of size, infrastructure, and historical significance. It possesses a vast natural harbor area protected by the mainland and an island (Mumbai). Statement 2 is Incorrect: The West Coast of India (where Mumbai is located) is a coast of submergence, which naturally provides conditions for deep, natural harbors. In contrast, the East Coast (where Chennai is located) is a coast of emergence, characterized by a shallow continental shelf, necessitating artificial harbors like Chennai. Therefore, geographically, Mumbai is a natural deep-water port, whereas Chennai requires dredging to maintain depth. Statement 3 is Correct: Mumbai Port handles a substantial share of India’s maritime traffic, particularly petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL). The port has a dedicated oil terminal at Jawahar Dweep (Butcher Island) to handle crude oil and petroleum products. Key Takeaway: Mumbai is a natural harbor on the West Coast and handles major petroleum traffic. Chennai is an artificial harbor on the East Coast. West Coast ports are generally natural and deep, while East Coast ports are often artificial.