Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The distribution of minerals in India is closely linked to the country's geological structure. The ancient crystalline rocks of the Peninsular Plateau are the primary repository of metallic minerals, while the sedimentary basins and younger rock formations hold significant reserves of non-metallic minerals and fossil fuels.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Peninsular Plateau, composed largely of ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks, contains the vast majority of India's reserves of metallic minerals (such as iron ore, manganese, and copper), coal, mica, and other non-metallic minerals.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The sedimentary basins of Gujarat and Rajasthan are not devoid of minerals. On the contrary, the sedimentary deposits in Gujarat and Assam are known for petroleum reserves. Furthermore, Rajasthan is rich in non-ferrous minerals and has significant potential for petroleum and natural gas in its western sedimentary basins.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The North-Eastern region of India, particularly the sedimentary rock formations in Assam (e.g., Digboi, Naharkatiya, and Moran-Hugrijan fields), contains significant deposits of petroleum. This region is historically one of the oldest oil-producing areas in the country.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: India's mineral distribution follows a distinct geological pattern: metallic minerals are concentrated in the Peninsular Plateau, while petroleum deposits are found in the sedimentary basins of Assam, Gujarat, and the offshore regions (Mumbai High).