The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Roads in India are classified into distinct categories based on their administrative jurisdiction and functional importance, primarily following the framework established for infrastructure development.
- Statement 1 is Correct: National Highways constitute the primary road system of the country, connecting state capitals, major ports, and strategic locations. The responsibility for their construction and maintenance lies with the Central Government. This mandate is executed through agencies such as the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) and the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: State Highways connect state capitals with district headquarters and link up with National Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the respective State Governments or Union Territories, typically through the State Public Works Department (PWD). The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) is a central agency and does not manage State Highways.
Key Takeaway: Administrative control over highways is divided: National Highways fall under the jurisdiction of the Central Government, whereas State Highways are the responsibility of the respective State Governments.