The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
India's maritime trade is handled primarily through 12 Major Ports and roughly 200 Non-Major ports. The development of satellite ports is a strategic measure to decongest older ports and accommodate larger vessels and containerized cargo.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT), also known as Nhava Sheva, is located in Maharashtra. It was commissioned in 1989 to relieve pressure on the Mumbai Port. It is widely recognized as India’s largest container port among the Major Ports, handling a significant share of the country's containerized traffic.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Haldia Port is a riverine port located on the Hooghly River in West Bengal. It was developed as a satellite port to divert pressure from the Kolkata Port, not the Visakhapatnam Port. The Kolkata Port faces constraints such as siltation and low draft, necessitating a supporting facility downstream at Haldia.
Key Takeaway:
JNPT (Maharashtra) relieves Mumbai Port and is the largest container port. Haldia (West Bengal) relieves Kolkata Port.