The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The process of industrialization is closely linked to demographic shifts and economic structural changes. It involves the movement of labor and resources from the primary sector to the secondary sector, influencing settlement patterns and employment rates.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Industrial growth is a primary driver of urbanization. The establishment of industries creates a demand for labor, infrastructure, and ancillary services (such as transport, banking, and housing). These economic opportunities act as "pull factors," attracting populations from rural areas to industrial centers, thereby expanding urban settlements.
Statement 2 is Correct: Industries play a significant role in reducing unemployment. The secondary sector absorbs surplus labor from the agricultural sector and creates jobs in manufacturing, construction, and utilities. Furthermore, industrial growth stimulates employment in the tertiary (service) sector, contributing to overall poverty reduction and economic stability.
Key Takeaway: Industrialization and urbanization are parallel processes; industries not only foster the growth of cities but are also essential for generating employment and shifting the workforce away from agriculture.