The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Transport systems are categorized based on the medium used (land, water, air) and their specific economic characteristics such as cost, speed, and carrying capacity. International trade relies heavily on specific modes depending on the volume and nature of goods.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Ocean routes are natural highways that require no construction or maintenance costs for the route itself. Unlike roads and railways, which require significant capital investment for laying tracks or paving surfaces and regular maintenance, the ocean surface is naturally available for navigation in all directions. Costs are incurred only for ports and terminals, not the route.
Statement 2 is Correct:
Ocean transport handles the largest volume of international trade goods, not air transport. Water transport is the cheapest mode for moving heavy, bulky, and low-value goods over long distances. Air transport is the fastest but most expensive mode, typically reserved for high-value, low-volume, or perishable commodities.
Key Takeaway:
Ocean transport is characterized by natural routes with zero track maintenance costs and dominates global trade volume, whereas air transport is characterized by high speed and high cost, handling a smaller volume of goods.