The correct option is Only three
Explanation
The nomenclature of rock types is derived from classical languages, reflecting the geological processes responsible for their formation.
- Pair 1 is correctly matched: The term Igneous is derived from the Latin word Ignis, which means fire. This refers to rocks formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
- Pair 2 is correctly matched: The term Sedimentary is derived from the Latin word Sedimentum, which means to settle down. This describes rocks formed by the accumulation, deposition, and lithification of sediments.
- Pair 3 is correctly matched: The term Metamorphic is derived from the Greek word Metamorphose, which means change of form. This refers to rocks that have undergone physical or chemical changes due to intense heat and pressure.
- Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: The term Fossils is derived from the Latin word Fossilis, which means dug up. It does not mean "hard rock." Fossils are the preserved remains of dead plants and animals trapped within rock layers.
Key Takeaway: The etymology of rock types provides a direct reference to their formation: Igneous (Latin for fire), Sedimentary (Latin for settling), and Metamorphic (Greek for change of form).