Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Indigenous communities are distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy, or from which they have been displaced. Their geographic distribution is often linked to specific historical and biogeographic regions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Pair 1 is Correct: Oceania is a geographic region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The indigenous peoples of this region are broadly categorized into Polynesians (e.g., Maoris, Hawaiians), Melanesians (e.g., Fijians, Papuans), and Micronesians based on their linguistic and cultural characteristics.
- Pair 2 is Incorrect: The Mapuche people are not indigenous to India. India is home to numerous indigenous groups often referred to as Adivasis (e.g., Gonds, Santhals, Bhils), but the Mapuche are not among them.
- Pair 3 is Incorrect: The Mapuche people are the largest indigenous group in South America, specifically inhabiting south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina (Patagonia region). They are not indigenous to North America.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The Mapuche are an indigenous people of the Southern Cone of South America (Chile and Argentina), whereas the indigenous peoples of Oceania are classified into the sub-regions of Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia.