Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Shifting cultivation, widely known as "slash and burn" agriculture, is a primitive form of subsistence farming. In this system, a plot of land is cleared by felling trees and burning vegetation to create a field for cultivation. The ash serves as a natural fertilizer. This practice is prevalent in tropical regions and is known by various local names across the world.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Pair 1 is Correct: Jhumming (or Jhum) is the local name for shifting cultivation practiced in the North-Eastern states of India, such as Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland.
- Pair 2 is Incorrect: Milpa is the term used for shifting cultivation in Mexico and Central America. In Malaysia and Indonesia, the practice is known as Ladang.
- Pair 3 is Correct: Roca is the specific term used for this agricultural practice in Brazil.
- Pair 4 is Incorrect: Ladang is associated with Indonesia and Malaysia. The term used in Mexico is Milpa.
Key Takeaway
Important Regional Names for Shifting Cultivation:
- Jhumming: North-East India
- Milpa: Mexico and Central America
- Roca: Brazil
- Ladang: Indonesia and Malaysia
- Masole: Central Africa
- Ray: Vietnam