NCERT Class 12 Geography — Chapter 1: The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth

The correct Answer is

1 and 3 only

Explanation

The Demographic Transition Model describes population change over time, categorizing it into distinct stages based on birth rates and death rates.

Statement-wise Analysis

1. Statement 1: Stage I : High Fertility, High Mortality
   Correct. In Stage I of the Demographic Transition Model, both birth rates (fertility) and death rates (mortality) are high. This results in a relatively stable or slowly growing population.
2. Statement 2: Stage II : Low Fertility, High Mortality
   Incorrect. Stage II is characterized by a decline in mortality rates due to improvements in sanitation, healthcare, and food supply, while fertility rates remain high. This leads to rapid population growth. Low fertility is characteristic of later stages.
3. Statement 3: Stage III : Low Fertility, Low Mortality
   Correct. Stage III is marked by a decline in fertility rates, often due to factors such as increased access to contraception, urbanization, education for women, and changes in societal values. Mortality rates continue to be low. This results in a slowing of population growth.

Key Takeaway

The Demographic Transition Model illustrates population changes through stages defined by specific combinations of fertility and mortality rates.