The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
Image formation in spherical mirrors and lenses depends on the nature of the optical surface (converging or diverging) and the position of the object. Convex mirrors and concave lenses are both diverging optical elements.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Both a convex mirror and a concave lens always form a virtual image, regardless of the position of the real object. The light rays diverge after reflection (mirror) or refraction (lens) and appear to meet at a point, rather than actually meeting.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Virtual images formed by single mirrors or lenses are always erect (upright). Since both convex mirrors and concave lenses form virtual images, the images are always erect, never inverted. Inverted images are a characteristic of real images (formed by concave mirrors or convex lenses under specific conditions).
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Both a convex mirror and a concave lens always form images that are diminished (smaller than the object). This property allows convex mirrors to be used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles, providing a wider field of view.
Key Takeaway:
Convex Mirrors and Concave Lenses are diverging instruments that always form images that are Virtual, Erect, and Diminished, irrespective of the object's distance.