The correct option is (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
The Constitution of India establishes a single integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the apex. The Supreme Court functions as the guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal, while High Courts possess independent constitutional powers, including writ jurisdiction.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Assertion (A): Correct. The Supreme Court is the final interpreter of the Constitution. Under Article 147 and the appellate provisions (Articles 132, 133, and 134), the Supreme Court has the ultimate authority to interpret constitutional provisions. Its interpretation is final and binding on all courts within the territory of India under Article 141.
- Reason (R): Correct. Under Article 226 of the Constitution, High Courts have the power to issue writs-including habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari-for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights and for "any other purpose."
- Reasoning for Option (b): While both statements are factually correct, the High Courts' power to issue writs (Reason) is not the cause or explanation for the Supreme Court being the final interpreter of the Constitution (Assertion). The Supreme Court's status as the final interpreter is derived from its position as the apex federal court and the final court of appeal, not from the writ jurisdiction exercised by High Courts.
Key Takeaway: The Supreme Court is the final interpreter of the Constitution, whereas High Courts exercise concurrent writ jurisdiction under Article 226, which is wider in scope than the Supreme Court's writ jurisdiction under Article 32.