Correct Option
The correct option is
A is false but R is true
.Explanation
Differentiation in plants refers to the process where cells derived from meristems undergo structural and physiological changes to perform specific functions. This process is intrinsic to plant development and is closely linked to the activity of meristematic tissues.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Assertion (A): Incorrect. Differentiation in plants is not limited to the embryonic stage. Plants exhibit an open form of growth, meaning they retain the capacity for growth and differentiation throughout their life span. This is due to the presence of meristems (apical, lateral, and intercalary) that continuously produce new cells, which subsequently differentiate into permanent tissues.
- Reason (R): Correct. Cells derived from root apical and shoot-apical meristems lose the ability to divide and mature to perform specific functions. This process constitutes differentiation. For example, to form a tracheary element, a cell loses its protoplasm and develops a strong, elastic lignocellulosic secondary cell wall.
Key Takeaway: Unlike animals, plants possess meristematic tissues that allow for continuous cell division and differentiation throughout their entire life cycle, rather than being restricted to the embryonic phase.