Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras
Explanation
The establishment of High Courts in India was a significant step in the unification of the judicial system during British rule. This was initiated by the Indian High Courts Act, 1861, which authorized the Crown to issue Letters Patent to establish High Courts in the presidency towns, replacing the earlier Supreme Courts and Sadar Adalats.
Detailed Analysis:
- Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras (Correct): In 1862, three High Courts were established in the Presidency towns:
- Calcutta High Court: Established in July 1862 (The oldest High Court in India).
- Bombay High Court: Established in August 1862.
- Madras High Court: Established in August 1862.
- Allahabad: The High Court at Allahabad was established later, in 1866.
- Delhi: The High Court of Delhi was established much later, in 1966. Before that, the Punjab High Court exercised jurisdiction over Delhi.
Key Takeaway:
The Indian High Courts Act, 1861 led to the establishment of the first three High Courts in India at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1862.