Option 1 -> C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in 1930 for discovering the Raman Effect (light scattering), not in 1983.
Option 2 -> Venkatraman Radhakrishnan was a distinguished astrophysicist known for work on pulsars and radio astronomy, but did not receive a Nobel Prize.
Option 3 -> Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar shared the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics with William A. Fowler for theoretical studies on stellar structure and evolution, including the famous Chandrasekhar limit.
Option 4 -> Thanu Padmanabhan was a renowned theoretical physicist and cosmologist, but did not receive a Nobel Prize.
Hence, Option 3: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar -> He was honored for his groundbreaking work on the physical processes governing stellar structure and evolution, particularly his discovery of the maximum mass limit (Chandrasekhar limit) for white dwarf stars, which has profound implications for understanding massive star evolution and supernovae -> correct