Take the number 2345
Sum of digits:
2+3+4+5=14
Subtract from the original number:
2345−14=2331
2331÷9=259 with no remainder
Take the number 1678
Sum of digits:
1+6+7+8=22
Subtract from the original number:
1678−22=1656
1656÷9=184 with no remainder
Let the four digits be a,b,c,d where a is the thousands digit, b is the hundreds digit, c is the tens digit, and d is the ones digit.
The 4-digit number can be written as:
1000a+100b+10c+d
Sum of digits:
a+b+c+d
Number minus sum of digits:
(1000a+100b+10c+d)−(a+b+c+d)
=1000a−a+100b−b+10c−c+d−d
=999a+99b+9c
=9(111a+11b+c)
The result is 9(111a+11b+c), which is always a multiple of 9.
Therefore, the resulting number is always divisible by 9.